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Changing Paradigm In The Epidemiology Of Japanese Encephalitis In India
Philip Samuel Paulraj1, Veeramanoharan Rajamannar1, Govindarajan Renu1, Ashwani Kuma2
1 ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Field Station, Madurai-625 002, Tamil Nadu, India
2 ICMR Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
Correspondence Address:
Philip Samuel Paulraj,
ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Department of Health Research, No. 4, Sarojini Street, Chinna chokkikulam, Madurai-625002
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.345180
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Japanese encephalitis is a very serious public health problem in India and the conducive environment permit its emergence in non-endemic areas in India. There are constant changes taking place in the pattern of current agricultural practices and vector breeding habitats which had far-reaching consequences on the epidemiology of JE and the severity of epidemic outbreaks today. Due to the continuous ecological changes taking place, vectors changed in their breeding dynamics, feeding, and resting behavior and started invading previously non-endemic areas. JE has recently spread to new territories due to land-use changes, including forest fragmentation, concentrated livestock production. Changes in the livestock population decreased the cattle pig ratio which enhanced the JEV infection. This communication brings forth the present widespread changes encountered that grossly impact the risk of infection in many places for the emergence of Japanese encephalitis and to address the implications for its control. |
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